[Evaluation of the risk factors related to dysfunctional uterine bleeding in peri-menopausal women in Sanandaj]

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding [DUB] is one of the common problems in peri-menopausal women that can affect their physical, emotional and social conditions. In addition DUB is one of the main causes of hysterectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with DUB in peri-menopausal women in Sanandaj. This case-control study included 62 women with DUB[case group] and 124 women without DUB[control group]. We used a questionnaire consisted of different items which was completed for every subject after clinical interview. Using SPSS software, data analysis was performed by chi-square, Fisher exact test and logistic regression. DUB showed significant relationships with type of delivery [p=0.015] and age [p=0.045]. DUB had no significant relationship with diabetes [p=0.095], hypertension [p=0.917] and type of contraceptive methods [p=0.906]. Analysis by logistic regression revealed that women over 50 years of age and women with history of Cesarean section [C/S] had a respective risk of 2.284 [p=0.021] and 2.493 [p=0.009] times greater to develop DUB than women without these factors. The age over 50 years and C/S was suggested as risk factors which can be related to DUB. Attention to the advantages of vaginal delivery and complications of C/S is necessary and reduction of C/S rate can be effective in decreasing the incidence of DUB

[ relationship between fasting and postprandial blood glucose with HbA1C in type 2 diabetes]

HbA1C measurement is a gold standard for controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients. There is little information about fasting and postprandial blood glucose effect on HbA1C. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between fasting and postprandial blood glucose and some other factors with HbA1C on type 2 diabetic patient in Kermanshah Diabetes Research Center. 173 type 2 diabetic patients were selected in a sectional-analytic study by easy sampling. Information were completed using a questionnaire and blood glucose were measured before and 2 hours post-breakfast and at 4pm every 2-4 weeks for a period of 3 months. At the end of the third month HbA1C were also measured. Based on HbA1C, patients were divided into three groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. There was a relationship between fasting, 2 hours post-breakfast and 4pm blood glucose and HbA1C. Correlation coefficient was r = 0.49 [p<0.0001] for fasting blood glucose, [r=0.754, p<0.0001] for 2 hours post-breakfast and [r=0.811, p<0.001] for 4pm blood glucose. Also there were a relationship between duration of the disease [r=0.363, p<0.0001] and type of treatment [r=0.338, p<0.0001] with HbA1C. There was no relationship between age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes and education with HbA1C. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between fasting and 2 hours post-breakfast and 4pm blood glucose with HbA1C but, the most relationship was found between 4pm blood glucose with HbA1C. Therefore, fasting blood glucose is not a good character for diabetes control and postprandial blood glucose measurement should be carried out for better control of diabetes

[Frequency of pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder [PMDD], premenstrual syndrome [PMS] and some related factors in students of girls' high schools of Kermanshah]

Many women in fertile period of their lives experience some bothering mental and physical symptoms that begin around 7-10 days before menses [lutheal phase] and cease in the first days of menstrual bleeding. After presentation of the Text Revision of the Fourth version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of psychiatric disorders [DSM-four], these symptoms already known as Pre-menstrual syndrome [PMS] were called Pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder [PMDD]. This process was associated with addition of some criteria about duration and intensity. The prevalence of PMS has been estimated to be about 40% to 70% but severe signs [PMDD] have lower prevalence. This study has evaluated the frequency of PMS and PMDD and some related factors in students of girls' high schools in Kermanshah. In this descriptive-analytic study, 800 students of girls' high schools were chosen by randomized cluster sampling. A researcher made questionnaire assessing PMS and PMDD according to DSM.IV.TR criteria as well as a demographic questionnaire were administered to participants. Data were analyzed running SPSS software -version 11.5. Frequencies of PMS and PMDD were 41.5% and 9.4% respectively. The disorder was more frequent in students older than 16 years old. Mood symptoms were the most frequent presentation, followed by physical and behavioral symptoms. There was a lower frequency of the disorder despite a higher frequency of the syndrome in students with highly educated mothers. The frequency of PMS was higher in students with positive family history.